They became familiar to the Western public during the 1991 Persian Gulf War, when Iraq fired dozens at Israel and Saudi Arabia. Scud missiles have been used in combat since the 1970s, mostly in wars in the Middle East. The name Scud has been widely used to refer to these missiles and the wide variety of derivative variants developed in other countries based on the Soviet design. The Russian names for the missile are the R-11 (the first version), and the R-17 (later R-300) Elbrus (later developments). The term comes from the NATO reporting name attached to the missile by Western intelligence agencies. It was exported widely to both Second and Third World countries. A Scud missile is one of a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
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